Cronbach alpha calculator
Rows are respondents and columns are items. Omitting incomplete cases removes whole rows.
- Runs in your browser
- No upload
- Check before download
Rows are respondents and columns are items. Omitting incomplete cases removes whole rows. Reversing items uses the range you declare. A negative alpha is kept. Alpha is not evidence of validity or of a single underlying dimension. Use at most 1000 respondents and 50 items; standardized alpha needs every item to vary.
Model, grammar and limits
α=k/(k−1) × (1−Σsⱼ²/sₜ²); xᵣ=min+max−x
Limits: 256000 raw data characters, 5000 source records and 50000 cells in total; decimals up to 48 characters; up to 20 groups or contributions and 50 columns. Limits for exact and bootstrap methods are stated with each tool. Parsing and resource checks run before the calculation, and the worker stops after 15 seconds. Editing, canceling or resetting discards pending results.
Check assumptions, ties and missing values before drawing conclusions. Results show 10 significant digits; CSV keeps the numeric values and units. Exact enumeration means exact counts, not exact displayed decimals. Numerical tail zeros, floors and unavailable intervals are labeled. Nothing here is a diagnosis, proof of causation or validity approval.
Your data stays in this browser. The calculation runs in a local worker, and CSV and backup files are local downloads you choose to make. Your data is not sent anywhere or saved silently, so keep your original data. Input data, formulas and filenames are never sent. Only with your optional consent, Refentra sends aggregate counts of actions and outcomes, without input content.
Use the chosen model
- Model, grammar and limits
Rows are respondents and columns are items. Omitting incomplete cases removes whole rows. Reversing items uses the range you declare. A negative alpha is kept. Alpha is not evidence of validity or of a single underlying dimension. Use at most 1000 respondents and 50 items; standardized alpha needs every item to vary.
- Calculate
α=k/(k−1) × (1−Σsⱼ²/sₜ²); xᵣ=min+max−x. Limits: 256000 raw data characters, 5000 source records and 50000 cells in total; decimals up to 48 characters; up to 20 groups or contributions and 50 columns. Limits for exact and bootstrap methods are stated with each tool. Parsing and resource checks run before the calculation, and the worker stops after 15 seconds. Editing, canceling or resetting discards pending results.
- Download CSV report
Check assumptions, ties and missing values before drawing conclusions. Results show 10 significant digits; CSV keeps the numeric values and units. Exact enumeration means exact counts, not exact displayed decimals. Numerical tail zeros, floors and unavailable intervals are labeled. Nothing here is a diagnosis, proof of causation or validity approval. Your data stays in this browser. The calculation runs in a local worker, and CSV and backup files are local downloads you choose to make. Your data is not sent anywhere or saved silently, so keep your original data. Input data, formulas and filenames are never sent. Only with your optional consent, Refentra sends aggregate counts of actions and outcomes, without input content.
Model questions
Model, grammar and limits
Rows are respondents and columns are items. Omitting incomplete cases removes whole rows. Reversing items uses the range you declare. A negative alpha is kept. Alpha is not evidence of validity or of a single underlying dimension. Use at most 1000 respondents and 50 items; standardized alpha needs every item to vary. α=k/(k−1) × (1−Σsⱼ²/sₜ²); xᵣ=min+max−x
Unit
Data matrix, one row per record; Reversed item indices, starting at 1; Declared scale minimum; Declared scale maximum; Alpha profile; Missing-data policy; Measurement / score unit. Limits: 256000 raw data characters, 5000 source records and 50000 cells in total; decimals up to 48 characters; up to 20 groups or contributions and 50 columns. Limits for exact and bootstrap methods are stated with each tool. Parsing and resource checks run before the calculation, and the worker stops after 15 seconds. Editing, canceling or resetting discards pending results.
Model results
Check assumptions, ties and missing values before drawing conclusions. Results show 10 significant digits; CSV keeps the numeric values and units. Exact enumeration means exact counts, not exact displayed decimals. Numerical tail zeros, floors and unavailable intervals are labeled. Nothing here is a diagnosis, proof of causation or validity approval.
Download input backup
Your data stays in this browser. The calculation runs in a local worker, and CSV and backup files are local downloads you choose to make. Your data is not sent anywhere or saved silently, so keep your original data. Input data, formulas and filenames are never sent. Only with your optional consent, Refentra sends aggregate counts of actions and outcomes, without input content.