CAGR and annual value series
Enter start and end values and the years, or actual annual values. You get the geometric annual rate, with explicit zero and negative cases.
- Runs in your browser
- No upload
- Check before download
Enter start and end values and the years, or actual annual values. You get the geometric annual rate, with explicit zero and negative cases. Modeled values are not forecasts.
Calculations run locally and inputs are not saved automatically. Download an input backup before closing the tab. Input data, formulas and filenames are never sent. Only with your optional consent, Refentra sends aggregate counts of actions and outcomes, without input content.
What are the limits?
Maximum amount 1 trillion units; total 100 trillion cents. Up to 100 rows, 50 people, 20 tiers, 100 depreciation years, 1,200 schedule periods, 61 cash flows. IRR range −99% to 1,000% per interval, numerical candidates only. Rates: up to eight decimals. Backup: 1 MiB. CSV formula-leading text gets an apostrophe. Use decimal points, no thousands separators.
Amounts use two decimals in your stated unit. Exact decimal inputs; cent rounding half away from zero. Table sums balance. Largest fractional remainders receive shared cents; equal remainders use row order. No tax, fees, legal entitlement or current prices are inferred.
Non-monetary values are shown with up to ten significant digits. CAGR, fractional-year inflation and IRR use numerical approximations; IRR candidates are not a symbolic proof. CSV keeps the numeric values before display rounding.
g = ((E/S)^(1/n)−1) × 100%; S>0; E≥0
Calculate with your own assumptions
- Enter the inputs
Choose two endpoints with the elapsed years, or an ordered annual series. A series with three observations spans two intervals. Use comparable values in the same units. Enter decimals with a point and without thousands separators.
- Check a worked example
Start 100, end 121, years 2: ((121/100)^(1/2)−1)×100=10% CAGR. The annual series 100,110,121 gives the same 10% over two intervals, with each annual change at 10%.
- Interpret and save the result
Endpoint mode draws a modeled path of constant growth, not observed annual data. Series mode keeps your actual values and the separate annual changes. CAGR is not the arithmetic average of those changes. Export the CSV to keep the difference visible.
Method, errors and limits
Can I reopen editable inputs from the CSV?
The CSV is a report of the results, not a backup of your inputs. Download the separate JSON input backup before you close the page, then import it into this same tool to edit your assumptions again. Import accepts files up to 1 MiB and checks that the file belongs to this tool. Inputs are not saved automatically.
Which input mistakes should I check?
Elapsed years must be positive and at most 1000. A zero or negative start, or a negative end, gives an undefined CAGR rather than a valid percentage. A positive start that ends at zero gives −100%.
What are this model’s limits?
Series mode accepts 2–100 annual observations. This is a numerical summary of growth. It is not a return calculation that accounts for deposits or withdrawals, it doesn't adjust for inflation, and it isn't a forecast.